Findings and Recommendations

In our work we tested the following:

• The use of third-party locational data to identify high footfall areas within and surrounding forests and urban areas to inform our sampling strategy.
• Determining a ‘zone of influence’ (10 km from forest access and car park points) around Cannock Chase National Landscape (CCNL) to inform our sampling strategy. 
• The use of postcodes as a proxy for surveying people of differing levels of deprivation as measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation. 
• Sampling three different spatial scales: CCNL, other woodlands within 20 km of CCNL, woodlands within 1 km of where people live. 
• Development of a survey questionnaire to explore woodland and non-woodland user experiences and values of woods/forests at three different spatial scales. 
• Development and use of an R Shiny (web application) map to capture 3 points along the routes that participants took to explore where they went. 
• Evaluation of the method through fieldwork observation and 1-to-1 interviews with contracted surveyors. 
• Testing and development of an R Shiny Dashboard to report and share results from the study. 

Lessons learnt via the survey approach:

• Focusing on three spatial scales (CCNL, other woodlands within 20 Km of CCNL, and woodlands within 1 km of where people live) for data gathering was useful and shows the importance of larger destination sites with facilities and local woods that are near to where people live.  
• Asking survey respondents to map the route they took of their forest visit was problematic in multiple ways. 
• An effective strategy is to engage with forest managers and local surveyors at an early stage in the research to identify local woods and locations within woods that are popular and well known within local communities and using local names to help survey respondents in identifying where they have been. 
• Shadowing a fieldwork contractor as they collected data from people and interviewing surveyors was very useful in understanding the different approaches surveyors take when out collecting data in the field and the challenges they faced. 

Lessons learnt via our spatial approach:

• The use of Huq data (representing people’s movement, passively obtained by their mobile phone apps) and Strava data (representing movement activities recorded by registered users) was somewhat useful in helping to identify hotspots of where people go within and around CCNL and its surroundings to aid identification of survey collection points.
• Use of postcode data based on Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles ensured we got a spread of respondents of different economic status. 
• The development of an R Shiny App to be used by survey participants to map their forest routes was a useful approach for testing applicability of the method. However, survey respondents found it difficult to remember/identify the route they took.
• Using the ‘What Three Words’ (W3W) app was effective in identifying where people entered CCNL and for exploring spatial patterns in the data. 

Figure 1: Illustration of postcodes that fall inside one IMD decile. Different colours represent different deciles.

Figure 2: R Shiny app developed to capture 3 points along people’s routes in the forests

Figure 3: Mapping car parks and entry points of those visiting Cannock Chase National Landscape