Two new native woodland demonstrations were established within the National Forest using some of the principles described in Forestry Commission Bulletin 112. Lowland mixed broadleaved woodland with dog’s mercury (W8) was planted at Desford, and at Barton-under-Needwood lowland mixed broadleaved woodland with bluebell (W10). Two areas were established at each site: in one an innovative design with spacing varying between 1.25 m  and 5 m was used and the position of each species was mapped in advance; in the other the design was uniform with trees at 2 m x 2 m and species located at random during planting. Estimates suggested that there was little difference in the time required to establish each design, although this will obviously vary with site conditions and complexity of the designs chosen. Planting trees and establishing tree cover represents the first phase in the creation of a new native woodland, which may take many years to develop successfully by invasion or introduction of other species.