The results of 3 years commissioned research in the 1990s provide valuable information and advice on this important topic. Care in soil selection and placement, species choice, tree stock type, weed control, and protection against browsing animals is emphasised. Provided that there is a sufficient depth of overlying soil, woodland should pose no greater threat […]
In order to gain a clearer understanding of the value of forests for visitor recreation the Forestry Commission funded a research project to evaluate public perceptions, attitudes and preferences in forests and woodlands. This Technical Paper presents the background to the project, and the results and analyses of the research. It will provide a comprehensive […]
This Technical Paper includes papers from the Thetford symposium of 1991. The symposium was designed to gather together the results of a wide range of research which collectively have added greatly to our understanding of this pine forest ecosystem and influenced its management. The intended audience is woodland managers and ecologists and anyone with an […]
The range of lodgepole pine extends over 26 million hectares of north-west America, where climates vary from the bitter cold Yukon to the very mild Californian coast. It occurs from sea level to 3900 min elevation. Over millions of years it evolved into a species which shows more variability than any other conifer. Practical forest […]
This Bulletin is written for landowners and foresters who wish to convert all or part of a wood or forest from pure, regular, uniform, even-aged stands to mixed, irregular, uneven-aged stands – in particular for those who desire to use silvicultural systems alternative to that of extensive clearcutting, with a view to achieving diverse structure […]
Measurements of exceptional trees have been recorded for a considerable number of years: initially out of curiosity, especially about maximum size, and then to investigate the potential for growth and productivity according to species and situation. The Forestry Commission tree register provided all the measurements for early editions of this title. The register was begun […]
These conference proceedings comprise 28 papers in 5 sections: overview of the pinewoods in 1994, management issues, management practice, recent research and development, and the way ahead. Eight posters are also summarised. Expanding the area of native pinewoods in Scotland, conserving their ecology, increasing biodiversity, and recognising them as a community resource will sustain this […]
The black grouse is a large, sexually dimorphic species found typically in habitats transitional between moorland and forest. Numbers of black grouse have recently declined throughout much of Europe. In Britain, the species is now largely confined to Scotland, the north of England and Wales. Continued loss and fragmentation of habitat represents the most serious […]
Electrolyte leakage from fine roots was measured before and after 30 and 90 days cold storage. The effect of the entry date and the length of cold storage were examined during the exceptionally mild winter of 1989-90 and the more typical winter of 1990-91. In the first year, roots from 2-year-old transplants and undercuts of […]
Sewage sludge, a mixture of solids and water produced during the treatment of waste water, can be used as a valuable fertiliser and is currently widely used as such in agriculture. Since 1981 a joint Forestry Commission/WRc research programme has evaluated the growth responses and environmental implications of sewage sludge applications to forests (Bayes et […]
Little information is available on the growth rates of urban trees. Trees that survive the establishment phase often put on so little growth that they appear moribund. Conversely, problems occur when a fast growing or large species is successfully established and ‘outgrows’ its living space. There is a need to build up a database of […]
In Britain the use of fertilisers has greatly increased the productivity of forests growing on nutrient-poor soils. In fact, many sites could not otherwise have been successfully afforested. From the early pioneering work of Stirling-Maxwell to the present day, the Forestry Commission has continually tested rates and types of fertiliser and methods of application. A […]
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