Achieving sustainable remediation of brownfield sites is highly complex because of the heterogeneous nature of ground conditions, the [frequent] presence of contaminant, and the potential multiple pathways to receptors.

All too often this leads to contamination being cleaned up to generic levels, irrespective of differences in end-usage across a site, and the design and formation of the final landscape occurs in isolation of the remedial process.

Sites where integrated remediation and greening solutions have been employed provide a vital vehicle for investigating the sustainability of remediation and greening systems and for securing the development of the robust, reliable and cost effective methods of the future.